Final answer:
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the mucous-secreting or exocrine glands, producing thick and sticky mucus that causes lung infections and malabsorption of nutrients.
Step-by-step explanation:
In cystic fibrosis, the mucous-secreting or exocrine glands are affected. This autosomal recessive genetic disease leads to the production of abnormally thick and sticky mucus that clogs the respiratory and digestive organs. The faulty gene responsible for this condition is called the CFTR gene, which produces a malfunctioning membrane protein that's crucial for moving chloride ions in and out of cells. This dysfunction causes a myriad of issues, including recurrent lung infections, breathing difficulties, and problems with nutrient absorption due to malabsorption.
Advancements in medical treatment have extended the life expectancy of those with cystic fibrosis, with many patients living into their 30s and beyond. It's also significant to know that the most common pathogens found in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients include Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia, which can lead to serious infections.