Final answer:
The primary symptom of GERD is heartburn. An upper endoscopy is used to confirm GERD. The malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter allows reflux in GERD.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary symptom of GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) is heartburn, which is a burning sensation in the chest that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.
The test that confirms GERD is called an upper endoscopy, where a flexible tube with a light and camera is inserted into the esophagus to examine the lining and look for signs of reflux.
In GERD, a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. The lower esophageal sphincter is a ring of muscle that normally prevents this kind of reflux.
Client teaching for GERD may involve lifestyle changes such as avoiding trigger foods (like chocolate, fatty foods, peppermint, coffee, and alcoholic beverages), eating smaller meals, and not eating close to bedtime. Medications and weight loss may also be discussed as management options.