Final answer:
It is illegal to leave a child in a vehicle in a manner that shows an extreme indifference to human life and results in death. Moral judgments on actions can be categorized as obligatory, permissible, or forbidden, depending on the circumstance. The Supreme Court prohibits the application of the death penalty to individuals who committed their crimes before the age of 18.
Step-by-step explanation:
True, it is illegal to leave a child in a motor vehicle under circumstances that show an extreme indifference to human life, creating a grave risk of death to the child and resulting in death. Such actions can be considered as gross negligence or even willful misconduct, and in many jurisdictions, this can lead to severe legal consequences, including charges of involuntary manslaughter or child endangerment.
In various scenarios where moral judgement is needed, the actions taken can often be categorized as morally obligatory, permissible, or forbidden. For example, in a situation where a runaway trolley might kill five people, and switching tracks could save them at the cost of one's life, flipping the switch is often judged as permissible. Helping a small child in danger is seen as obligatory, while taking innocent lives for the benefit of others is widely considered forbidden.
The Supreme Court has ruled that the death penalty may not be applied to those who were under 18 when they committed a crime, recognizing the different standards that must be applied to juveniles.
According to the World Health Organization, infectious diseases are the most frequent cause of death for children under the age of five in low-income countries, often due to poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare.