Final answer:
The patient with a diagnosis of osteoporosis should be encouraged to eat foods that are high in calcium. Good sources of calcium include dairy products and certain leafy vegetables, and fortified foods. Vitamin D, vitamin K, magnesium, and fluoride also play supporting roles in bone health.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nurse encourages the patient to eat foods that are high in calcium (option 4). Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone mass and increased fragility of bones. Since calcium is essential for bone health, a diet rich in calcium can help manage and prevent further bone density loss. Good sources of calcium include dairy products like milk, yogurt, and cheese. In addition, non-dairy options such as Chinese cabbage, kale, and broccoli are also beneficial. Foods fortified with calcium can be included in the diet to reach the daily recommended intake of calcium, which is crucial for patients with osteoporosis to support bone remodeling and reduce the risk of fractures.
Other nutrients important for bone health include vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption, and vitamin K, magnesium, and fluoride that support bone health. An elderly patient is already at a higher risk of osteoporosis, so focusing on calcium-rich foods will help to mitigate this risk. It is also important to note that balance in the diet is key, as excess of certain nutrients can interfere with the absorption of others, such as excess calcium affecting iron absorption, and high sodium intake may have other health implications.