Final answer:
The term for abnormally large or dilated pupils is mydriasis, controlled by autonomic nervous system responses and influenced by light levels and certain medications.
Step-by-step explanation:
The technical term for abnormally large or dilated pupils is mydriasis. This dilation can be a physiological response to low light conditions or it can be induced by certain medications, such as phenylephrine, which mimic the action of norepinephrine by binding to adrenergic receptors in the radial fibers of the iris smooth muscle. In contrast, the autonomic nervous system can also produce the opposite effect, called miosis, where the pupils become constricted. The control of pupillary size is a complex process involving the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, light stimulation, and neurotransmitters like norepinephrine for dilation and acetylcholine for constriction.