Final answer:
The correct MFA combination is (c) fingerprint and password, as it includes two different authentication factors: a knowledge factor (password) and a biometric factor (fingerprint). MFA is critical for enhancing security by requiring multiple proofs of identity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The acronym MFA stands for Multi-Factor Authentication, which is a security system that requires more than one method of authentication to verify the user's identity before granting access. The options given are different combinations of authentication methods.
Among the provided options:
- Password and PIN is two examples of something you know.
- Fingerprint and facial pattern are two examples of something you are.
- Fingerprint and password combine something you are (biometric) with something you know, making it an MFA example.
- ATM card and smartphone combine something you have with something you possess, but without more context, it's not clear if this constitutes MFA.
Therefore, the correct answer is (c) fingerprint and password as it combines two different authentication factors: a knowledge factor (password) and a biometric factor (fingerprint).