Final answer:
Thoracentesis is the procedure to remove fluid from the pleural cavity using a needle, to correct issues with the negative gauge pressure needed to keep the lungs inflated.
Step-by-step explanation:
The surgical procedure that involves puncturing the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity is known as thoracentesis. This procedure is performed to remove excess fluid, known as pleural effusion, that can accumulate due to various conditions, including infections, heart failure, or lung injuries. The gauge pressure in the intrapleural space is negative, allowing the lungs to remain inflated; however, when this pressure is compromised, conditions such as pneumothorax—lung collapse—can occur. In such cases, suction may be applied to reestablish negative pressure, aiding in lung inflation.