Final answer:
A filibuster is a strategy used in the Senate to prevent a bill from coming to vote by extending debate through long speeches, with cloture being the motion needed to end it.
Step-by-step explanation:
The strategy employed in the Senate to prevent a bill from coming to a vote is known as a filibuster. A filibuster is a parliamentary procedure where a Senator, or group of Senators, extend debate over a proposed piece of legislation, deliberately causing delay and potentially preventing the vote on the proposal.
This is typically done by delivering long speeches or engaging in prolonged discussions. To stop a filibuster, a motion for cloture can be used, which requires a supermajority of 60 votes to end the debate and proceed to a vote on the bill. With the ability to filibuster, the Senate minority can wield substantial power to obstruct legislation.