Final answer:
The student permit driver is primarily responsible for any traffic offenses they commit. The instructor and the vehicle owner may also bear some liability depending on local laws and the specifics of the incident. The traffic police enforce the laws.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a student permit driver commits a traffic offense, the primary responsibility commonly lies with the student permit driver. However, this can also depend on the local laws and the specifics of the situation. Typically, the instructor may share responsibility, particularly if they could have prevented the offense. The owner of the vehicle may bear some liability, especially regarding insurance or vehicle-related issues, and the traffic police are responsible for enforcing the laws and issuing any necessary citations or penalties.