Final answer:
The suffixes in English like "-ed" and the third person present "-s" that help establish when an event happened are called affixes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The suffixes in English like "-ed" and the third person present "-s" that help establish when an event happened are called affixes. Affixes are bound morphemes that are added to the base of a word to change its meaning or function. In the case of the suffixes "-ed" and "-s", they indicate past tense and third person singular present, respectively.
For example, in the word "walked", the suffix "-ed" is added to the base word "walk" to show that the action happened in the past. Similarly, in the word "runs", the suffix "-s" is added to the base word "run" to indicate that the subject of the sentence is in the third person singular.