Final answer:
The external nomenclature for 'cortisol' refers to the glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, and it is also known as hydrocortisone when used medically. Overproduction of cortisol leads to Cushing's syndrome, while underproduction causes Addison's disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term cortisol is commonly used to refer to a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids like cortisol are vital for regulating a variety of physiological processes, including the body's response to stress. Cortisol, specifically, is responsible for stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver, promoting the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue, and helping to maintain normal blood glucose levels between meals. Hypersecretion of cortisol results in a condition known as Cushing's syndrome, characterized by symptoms such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and depression. Conversely, hyposecretion of cortisol leads to Addison's disease, which can manifest as fatigue and muscle weakness.
The external nomenclature for cortisol, as a point of clarity, means its naming convention outside of colloquial terms or its structural name from a biochemical standpoint. Cortisol is also referred to as hydrocortisone when used as a medication. It is part of a group of hormones known as corticosteroids, which includes corticosterone and cortisone as well.