Final answer:
The government's right to take private property for public use is called eminent domain, and requires just compensation as per the Fifth Amendment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The government's right called when it takes private property for public use is known as eminent domain. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees that private property cannot be taken for public use without just compensation. Eminent domain is used to serve the public good, by facilitating projects like highways, schools, or parks that benefit the entire community. However, the concept has been controversial, particularly when property has been taken for economic development purposes that may benefit private entities, as was seen in the case of Kelo v. City of New London.