Final answer:
A class action lawsuit is a legal action where an individual represents a larger group in a court case. This type of lawsuit allows a collective suit to be pursued for similar harms experienced by the plaintiffs, streamlining the legal process and democratizing the ability for individuals to seek justice against more powerful defendants.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of lawsuit that involves an individual suing on behalf of a larger group is known as a class action lawsuit. Class action suits are a critical legal provision that allow plaintiffs who have suffered similar harm to share the costs and legal burden of litigation. These can cover individuals who may not even be aware that they have a case and are essential for efficiently managing similar claims that might otherwise flood the courts as separate, individual lawsuits. Not only do these cases make litigation accessible for individuals against entities with more resources, but they also ensure that justice is served in a manner that addresses the collective harm caused to the group.
The Seventh Amendment guarantees the right to a jury in civil cases, indicating the democratic nature of the U.S. legal system, though this right can be waived if both parties agree to it. In contrast to criminal law, where the government prosecutes violations that can harm society, civil law deals with disputes between private parties. An example of a civil case could be a personal injury lawsuit or a contract dispute, whereas a criminal case involves crimes like robbery or murder, with the government stepping in as the plaintiff.
It's important to recognize that litigation can be a way for interest groups to influence public policy, and class action lawsuits are one of the mechanisms through which these groups can project their power and seek policy changes through the judicial system.