Final answer:
The option that is not a control for granting system access privileges is 'c. background checks'. This is because it's a verification process, not a control dictating specific access levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking to identify which option is not a control for granting system access privileges. The options given relate to concepts of organizational control and management. Among the choices, 'a. least privilege', 'b. need-to-know', and 'd. segregation of duties' are all recognized controls for system access. However, 'c. background checks' stands out as different. While important for verifying the trustworthiness of individuals before granting access, background checks themselves don't dictate the level or scope of system access privileges once access is granted. Therefore, the answer is c. background checks.