Final answer:
A mature follicle and a corpus luteum are part of different phases of the ovarian cycle, making it unlikely to observe both in a single human ovary specimen.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a single human ovary specimen, it is unlikely to observe both a corpus luteum and a mature follicle because they are part of different phases of the ovarian cycle. A mature follicle is present during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, which occurs before ovulation. During this phase, the follicle matures and releases an egg. On the other hand, a corpus luteum is formed after ovulation in the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. The corpus luteum produces hormones to prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates and a new cycle begins.