Final answer:
The correct term for the donation of blood by a patient for future personal use is Autologous Blood Donation. Type O individuals are considered universal donors because their blood lacks A and B antigens. In urgent cases requiring transfusion where blood type is unknown, type O negative blood is utilized.
Step-by-step explanation:
The donation of blood by a patient for his or her own future use is known as Autologous Blood Donation. This is to prevent transfusion reactions that may occur due to incompatible blood types during a blood transfusion. Blood transfusions require careful matching of blood types because of antigens present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), which can elicit an immune response if they are foreign to the recipient's body. People with type O blood are referred to as universal donors because their RBCs lack A and B antigens, therefore, not provoking an antibody response in recipients with different blood types. However, in emergency situations where blood type cannot be determined, type O negative blood is used, as it lacks both A and B antigens, as well as the Rh antigen, which would otherwise cause complications in Rh negative recipients.