Final answer:
The process of using food breakdown products to synthesize necessary macromolecules is known as anabolic pathways. These pathways require energy, typically supplied by ATP and NADH, to build complex molecules necessary for cell function. This synthesis, along with catabolic reactions that break down molecules, are part of a cell's metabolism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The use of food breakdown products as building blocks for the synthesis of necessary macromolecules, which requires energy from energy carriers, is referred to as anabolic pathways. These biosynthetic processes are crucial to cellular function and occur constantly within living organisms. Energy for these reactions is often supplied by ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and other high-energy molecules such as NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). While anabolic pathways build complex molecules from simpler ones, catabolic pathways are responsible for breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy that can be utilized by the cell.
The process of metabolism encompasses both anabolic and catabolic reactions. These metabolic activities require energy to synthesize new proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, which are fundamental components of all living cells. Ingested nutrients like amino acids from proteins, simple sugars from carbohydrates, and fatty acids and glycerol from fats are broken down and may then be used to create new molecules through these anabolic processes, with the overall aim of maintaining the cell's energy balance.