Final answer:
Membrane proteins have oligosaccharide chains attached to their non-cytosolic domains, forming an important part of glycoproteins and contributing to functions such as cell recognition and signal transduction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Membrane proteins also have oligosaccharide chains attached to their non-cytosolic domains. These oligosaccharide chains are a significant component of glycoproteins, which are found on the exterior of the membrane, contributing to the glycocalyx.
Membrane proteins can be anchored in the membrane through hydrophobic interactions, with oligosaccharides typically linked to proteins via the hydroxyl group on serine or threonine, hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline (O-glycosylation), or the amide nitrogen on asparagine (N-glycosylation). The oligosaccharide domains play a crucial role in membrane protein function including cell recognition and signal transduction.