Final answer:
The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. It requires law enforcement to have probable cause and a detailed warrant before conducting a search or seizure. Landmark cases like Mapp v. Ohio have reinforced the necessity of these constitutional protections.
Step-by-step explanation:
The amendment to the U.S. Constitution that protects criminal suspects against unreasonable searches and seizures is the Fourth Amendment. This amendment ensures that individuals have the right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects and that this right shall not be violated without probable cause and a warrant that describes the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Landmark cases such as Mapp v. Ohio and Katz v. United States have established the parameters to which the Fourth Amendment applies, highlighting the necessity for law enforcement to follow specific legal processes to conduct a search or seizure legally. These cases have contributed to our understanding of privacy rights and the ongoing discussion between individual freedoms and public safety.