Final answer:
Undernutrition impacts the integumentary system by causing petechiae, creating spoon-shaped nails, leading to dry brittle hair, and resulting in cheilosis. These are signs of various nutrient deficiencies and illustrate the necessity of adequate nutrition for maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails.
Step-by-step explanation:
Effects of Undernutrition on the Integumentary System
Undernutrition can have several effects on the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails. Some of the key impacts of undernutrition include:
- Petechiae: Small red or purple dots caused by bleeding into the skin that may indicate vitamin deficiency and poor nutritional status.
- Spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia): Indentations in the nails that can be a sign of iron deficiency anemia.
- Dry brittle hair: A result of lack of nutrients, such as essential fatty acids and vitamins, leading to hair that easily breaks or falls out.
- Cheilosis: Cracks or sores at the corners of the mouth that can be due to riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency and overall poor nutrition. Muscle wasting is not directly related to the integumentary system but is another sign of undernutrition affecting the muscles.
Children are especially susceptible to undernutrition, which can lead to permanent physical and cognitive damage. A well-balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals is essential for maintaining the health of the integumentary system.