Final answer:
Orthostatic hypotension occurs when blood pressure drops as a person stands up, causing dizziness or faintness due to inadequate oxygen supply to the brain. It can be caused by low blood volume or medication effects, and managed by adjusting medications or increasing fluid and salt intake.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the blood pressure falls as a client assumes an upright position, this phenomenon is known as orthostatic hypotension. It occurs when, during the change from a sitting or lying down position to standing up, the cardiovascular system does not adjust quickly enough to maintain blood flow to the brain against gravity. This can result in a brief deprivation of oxygen to the brain, leading to dizziness or lightheadedness. The sympathetic nervous system may not increase cardiac output sufficiently, resulting in a decreased blood pressure and potentially causing neurological symptoms like loss of balance or impairment. The reasons for orthostatic hypotension can include low blood volume (hypovolemia), possibly due to dehydration or the use of certain medications (diuretics or vasodilators). Improving the condition could involve adjustments in medication, increased fluid intake, or increasing salt intake to enhance water retention.