Final answer:
ADP is a common mechanism for several strong toxins. It is formed when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy for cellular processes. Toxins like diphtheria, cholera, botulinum, and tetanus toxins inhibit protein synthesis by transferring ADP-ribose onto specific proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
ADP, short for adenosine diphosphate, is a common mechanism for several strong toxins. ADP is formed when one of the phosphate groups is removed from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is a molecule used for cellular energy. The removal of the phosphate group releases energy that can be used by the cell. Many toxins, such as diphtheria, cholera, botulinum, and tetanus toxins, inhibit protein synthesis in host cells by transferring ADP-ribose onto specific proteins, disrupting their normal function.