Final answer:
Arsenic is a carcinogen that leads to cancer by causing mutations in cell DNA. Long-term exposure, such as from contaminated water in Bangladesh, can increase the risk of skin cancer and internal tumors. Understanding carcinogens is vital for public health and cancer prevention.
Step-by-step explanation:
A well-known carcinogen, arsenic, causes cancer by leading to mutations in the DNA of cells. In countries like Bangladesh, where water wells are often contaminated with naturally occurring arsenic, millions suffer from the effects of long-term exposure. Symptoms of arsenic poisoning can include dark spots, sores, and changes to the nails, with an increased risk of developing skin cancer and internal tumors over time. This is due to the buildup of arsenic in the body, which causes these mutations that can lead to cancer. Not all exposures to carcinogens will result in cancer, and factors like genetics and environment play a role in susceptibility.
Other examples of carcinogens include tobacco smoke, asbestos, benzene, and certain chemicals in processed food, which also increase the risk of various cancers. It is critical to understand the link between exposure to carcinogens and the mutations causing cancer to promote effective public health strategies and minimize the impact of these harmful substances.