Final answer:
The Federal Congress of the United States applies to both the House of Representatives and the Senate. Congress is a bicameral legislature with the House initiating tax and spending bills and the Senate providing changes and approval. Legislative powers, including the budget and lawmaking, require approval from both chambers and are subject to presidential veto.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Federal Congress of the United States applies to both chambers, namely the House of Representatives and the Senate. Congress is a bicameral legislature, meaning it consists of these two separate bodies. The House of Representatives has 435 members and is responsible for beginning the process for raising and spending money, as it is the chamber where all taxing and spending bills start. The Senate, comprising 100 members, can propose changes to these bills and must approve them before they go to the president.
Congress holds a variety of powers, such as the ability to coin money, maintain armed forces, declare war, and establish lower federal courts. Additionally, it plays a role in the process of naturalization, setting uniform laws for how immigrants become citizens. With the division into two chambers, the Senate provides equal representation for states, while the House's representation is based on state population, accommodating both small and large states.
All legislative powers granted by the Constitution are vested in Congress, ensuring that any laws, including those concerning funding for governmental departments and agencies, must pass through both the House and Senate before becoming law. Furthermore, the president has veto power over legislation passed by Congress, adding another layer of checks and balances to the federal legislative process.