Final answer:
True, signal molecules can cause various responses in different target cells via different receptors or different intracellular responses. This versatility in cell signaling underpins many biological processes and allows for precise control over cellular functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that some signal molecules (ligands) can induce different responses in different target cells by affecting different receptors or by resulting in different products is true. Ligands are specialized signaling molecules that bind to specific receptors on the surface of or inside target cells. This binding can trigger multiple signal transduction pathways, leading to various responses depending on the cell type, the receptors present, the signaling molecules involved, and the internal and external conditions of the cell.
Cells may produce different receptors that bind to the same ligand, and even when the same receptor is involved, different signaling components within the cellular context can activate distinct responses. Thus, the complexity of cell signaling allows a single ligand to have multiple effects across different types of cells, therefore highlighting the versatility and specificity of cell communication.