Final answer:
Violation of the no-selection assumption affects HWE by allowing allele frequencies to change, which opposes the principle that they should remain constant. Data to test this assumption should include large sets of genotype frequencies over multiple generations with conditions supporting random mating, no mutation, no migration, and no selection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Violation of the no-selection assumption indeed affects the conclusion of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), which states that allele frequencies in a population should remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. One of these evolutionary influences is selection. When selection occurs, certain alleles are favored over others, leading to changes in allele frequencies over time. This contradicts the no-selection assumption that is a critical part of HWE.
Justifying the selection of data to test this assumption involves gathering large amounts of genotype frequency data from a population over several generations. One must ensure that the population is sufficiently large, random mating is occurring, there is no mutation, migration, or selection affecting the allele frequencies, and that the alleles are segregating independently. If these conditions are met and the data still fit the theoretical distribution, then the no-selection assumption holds, and the population can be considered in HWE. Thinking about available data and whether it fits the theoretical distribution, we should consider whether observed genotype frequencies adhere closely to the expected frequencies calculated under HWE. If discrepancies exist, it could indicate a violation of the no-selection assumption or other Hardy-Weinberg conditions.