Final answer:
Enzymes can be combined with non-protein components known as cofactors or coenzymes, which are necessary for the enzyme's functionality. Conjugated enzymes that have these components become active holoenzymes, crucial for various cellular functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Enzymes can be conjugated with non-protein components. These molecules aid in the enzyme's function and are essential for the enzyme's activity. Such components are referred to as cofactors or coenzymes when they are organic. Cofactors can also include metallic ions like Zn²+ or Mg²+. An enzyme without its cofactor is known as an apoenzyme, which is not functional. When combined with its non-protein component, it becomes a holoenzyme, which is the active form. Conjugated proteins, which include these enzymes, have a nonpolypeptide portion that can be a carbohydrate (glycoprotein) or a lipid (lipoprotein). These are crucial for various cellular functions, including those in cell membranes.