Final answer:
In genetics and protein synthesis, complementary base-pairing between codons and anticodons allows for the translation of RNA into proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of genetics and protein synthesis, complementary base-pairing between codons (on mRNA) and anticodons (on tRNA) serves the function of translating the language of RNA into the language of proteins. The process of translation involves matching the three-nucleotide sequence of a codon to the complementary three-nucleotide sequence of an anticodon. This pairing helps in ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.