The chemical equation \( \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_3 + 2\text{HCl} \) represents the reaction between sodium sulfite (\( \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_3 \)) and hydrochloric acid (\( 2\text{HCl} \)). In this reaction, sodium sulfite reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride (\( 2\text{NaCl} \)), sulfur dioxide (\( \text{SO}_2 \)), and water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)).
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
\[ \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_3 + 2\text{HCl} \rightarrow 2\text{NaCl} + \text{SO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
So, the formation of \( \text{SO}_2 \) (sulfur dioxide) and \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \) (water) in the reaction is a result of the chemical transformation of sodium sulfite and hydrochloric acid.