Final answer:
Bone disease in product water used for dialysis is primarily caused by hyperphosphatemia due to decreased renal function. The imbalance of phosphate and calcium levels during dialysis can increase the risk of bone disease, underscoring the importance of the dialysate composition.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bone disease in product water used for dialysis can be linked to disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism, specifically related to the levels of phosphate in the blood. Hyperphosphatemia, a condition characterized by abnormally increased levels of phosphates in the blood, can occur due to decreased renal function, which can be a consequence of kidney failure requiring dialysis. The kidneys normally help regulate phosphate levels, but when they are not functioning properly, phosphate can accumulate in the blood.
Patients undergoing dialysis are at risk of developing bone diseases because dialysis can sometimes fail to mimic the finely-tuned phosphate regulation of healthy kidneys. Moreover, hypocalcemia, which is associated with vitamin D3 deficiency, can also contribute to bone disease. In essence, during the dialysis process, imbalances in essential minerals such as calcium and phosphate can lead to an increased risk of bone diseases, which is why the composition of dialysate – the fluid used in dialysis – is critical in managing these risks.