Final answer:
Infectious patients requiring dialysis in isolation rooms are those with bloodborne infections like HBV and those who are immunocompromised. Steps to prevent infection include using personal protective equipment and thorough disinfection protocols.
Step-by-step explanation:
Infectious patients who need to be dialyzed in an isolation room include those with bloodborne infections such as Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other illnesses that pose significant risks to healthcare workers and other patients. These precautions are important in preventing the spread of infections through blood and other body fluids. Patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV or malaria, as well as those with other infections like Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Legionella pneumophila, which causes Legionnaires' disease, also necessitate isolation during dialysis to prevent healthcare-associated transmission of bacteria.
Healthcare workers must employ protective measures, including the use of protective coats, face shields, and cut-resistant gloves, when handling equipment or working with these patients. All surfaces, equipment, and instruments must be thoroughly disinfected, often with solutions like 10% bleach, to eliminate the risk of transferring infectious agents. In the event of exposure to infectious materials, post-exposure protocols, including HBIG and vaccination, may be followed to prevent infection.