Final answer:
The false statement among the given options is 'd', which incorrectly asserts that kinesins move to the minus ends of microtubules, when in fact, they move toward the plus ends. All other statements listed are true regarding the structures and functions of microtubules, centrosomes, and molecular motors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is option d. It states that kinesins move to the minus (-) ends of microtubules, which is false. Kinesins actually move toward the plus (+) end of microtubules, whereas dynein moves toward the minus (-) end. The other statements are accurate:
- a. Cilia and flagella have similar structures but different motions.
- b. Centrosomes have two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material.
- c. MAP protein binding to the microtubules is regulated by phosphorylation.
- e. Molecular motors convert the chemical energy of ATP into mechanical energy.
Both cilia and flagella are formed from microtubules and contain a '9+2' arrangement of microtubule doublets surrounding two single microtubules in the center. Centrioles, which are also made of microtubules, are part of the centrosome and act as the microtubule-organizing center in animal cells.