Final answer:
Infectious diseases such as Influenza, COVID-19, Malaria, and Tuberculosis are caused by pathogens and can spread through various mechanisms including airborne transmission, direct contact, or vectors like mosquitoes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disease that is caused by the growth and spread of small harmful organisms within the body, and which is capable of being transmitted with or without direct contact can be best exemplified by infectious diseases such as Influenza, COVID-19, Malaria, and Tuberculosis. These diseases are caused by various types of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. They can be spread in multiple ways, including airborne transmission, direct contact, and through vectors like mosquitoes.
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an airborne infectious disease that spreads when an infected person sneezes or coughs, sending droplets containing the virus into the air. COVID-19 follows a similar pattern of transmission and can also be spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. Malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes, making it a vector-borne disease. Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease that usually affects the lungs and is spread when people with active TB cough, speak or spit.