Final answer:
The independent variable in an experiment is the one that is manipulated or changed, while the dependent variable is the one that is measured to see the effect of the independent variable.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of Independent and Dependent Variables in Experiments
In an experimental study, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables is essential for a well-designed experiment. An independent variable is the factor manipulated or controlled by the experimenter to investigate its impact on another variable. In other words, this is the variable you change to see what effect it has. By contrast, the dependent variable is what the researcher measures. This is the outcome of the experiment that is used to assess the effect of the independent variable. For instance, in a study examining the impact of different teaching methods on learning, the method of teaching (e.g., using a computer program vs. an in-person instructor) would be the independent variable, and the students' learning performance would be the dependent variable.
In research, it's essential to have a clear understanding of these variables to design experiments that effectively test hypotheses and contribute to scientific knowledge.