Final answer:
The process where a temperate bacteriophage integrates its chromosome into a bacterial chromosome is termed lysogeny. Lysogeny leads to the phage DNA replicating with the bacterial cell's DNA and potentially altering the bacterium's phenotype, which is known as lysogenic conversion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which a temperate bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and subsequently integrates its chromosome into the bacterial chromosome is called lysogeny. In this cycle, the bacteriophage's DNA, now referred to as a prophage, becomes part of the host's genome. A bacterial cell harboring a prophage is termed a lysogen, and the prophage replicates along with the bacterial DNA during cell division, ensuring its genetic material is passed on to daughter cells. This can result in changes to the bacterium's phenotype, a phenomenon known as lysogenic conversion. Under certain conditions, the prophage may excise itself from the bacterial chromosome and enter a lytic cycle, where it begins producing new phages that can lyse the host cells.