Question

Establising direction

aligning people
motivating and inspiring

-produces change, often to a dramatic degree
-has potential to produce extremely useful change (e.g. new products that customers want, new aproaches to labor relations that help make a firm more competitive)

are these characteristics of a leader or a manager?

Answer 1

The characteristics mentioned in the question, such as establishing direction, aligning people, motivating and inspiring, and producing change, are typically associated with a leader rather than a manager.

Step-by-step explanation:

The characteristics mentioned in the question, such as establishing direction, aligning people, motivating and inspiring, and producing change, often to a dramatic degree with the potential for extremely useful change, are typically associated with a leader rather than a manager. Leaders are focused on setting a vision, creating a positive impact, and driving innovation, while managers are generally more concerned with supervising and achieving organizational goals through a system of rewards and punishments.