Final answer:
Dynamic metamorphism occurs in fault zones where rocks are subjected to high differential pressures and is characterized by changes in rock texture and mineralogy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of metamorphism that is common in fault zones, where rocks are subjected to high differential pressures, is called dynamic metamorphism. This process occurs when rocks are mechanically deformed without experiencing significant changes in temperature or the presence of fluids. The intense pressure and shearing forces that rocks undergo during tectonic movements, such as those along fault lines, cause them to change physically and mineralogically, resulting in new metamorphic structures.
Dynamic metamorphism leads to characteristic textures and structures in the rocks, such as foliation, where minerals can be aligned into layers, or non-foliated metamorphism, where rocks like quartz can undergo changes with little visible orientation. The process is highly dependent on existing structures and the original composition of the protolith, which is the pre-existing rock before it was subject to metamorphism.