Final answer:
The theoretical probability of making money on a stock priced at $12, with an expected variation between $10 to $20, is 80%.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks about the theoretical probability of making money on a stock that is expected to vary between $10 and $20 over the next 6 months, with the current price being $12 and each value in that range being equally likely. To calculate this, consider the range of prices that would result in a profit: any price above $12. Given the stock can be anywhere between $10 and $20, there are 8 potential profitable outcomes (prices from $13 to $20) and 10 total possible outcomes (prices from $11 to $20 inclusive since $10 would not be a profit but break even). The probability of making money is thus the number of profitable outcomes divided by the total possible outcomes, which is 8/10 or 80%.