Final answer:
Protein synthesis involves initiation, elongation, and termination. During and after translation, proteins undergo folding, modification, and targeting to become fully functional. The meticulous sequence of translating mRNA and post-translational modifications guarantees correct protein synthesis and function.
Step-by-step explanation:
Each step in protein synthesis can be a target for further regulation, reflecting the complexity and precision required to build functional proteins.
This process includes three main phases: initiation, elongation, and termination.
During initiation, an initiation complex is formed which brings together a small ribosomal subunit, mRNA, initiation factors, and tRNAMet. Methionine is the first amino acid incorporated into newly synthesized polypeptides.
During and following translation, proteins undergo folding, modification, and targeting to become fully functional.
They may acquire signal sequences for correct cellular compartmentalization, undergo chemical modifications of specific amino acids, and fold into their designated three-dimensional structures.