Final answer:
Morgan showed that genes have a 1:1 correspondence with chromosomes and used fruit fly genetics to support the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance. His team's work allowed the construction of chromosome maps using recombination frequencies to determine genetic distances between genes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Thomas Hunt Morgan's Chromosome Mapping
Thomas Hunt Morgan and his colleagues provided the first experimental evidence to support the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance through extensive research with the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Morgan discovered that traits have a 1:1 correspondence with chromosomes, particularly the X chromosome, and observed that some genes on the same chromosome did not always segregate together due to homologous recombination during meiosis. His team's exhaustive studies of fly genetics also facilitated the creation of the first chromosome map by Morgan's student, Alfred Sturtevant, who used recombination frequencies to calculate genetic distances, a method that revolutionized our understanding of gene linkage and inheritance.