Final answer:
Distribution requirements planning helps to forecast store-level demand and decide materials for production (answer e). Price floors and ceilings do not shift demand or supply, but create surpluses or shortages respectively (answer d for both).
Step-by-step explanation:
Distribution requirements planning is a tool designed to forecast store-level demand and determine the inventory needed to satisfy this demand, ensuring customer needs are met while minimizing costs. Its focus is on demand rather than supply. This tool is also used to decide which materials should be used in production, thus the correct answer to the question would be e) both a and b.
On the topic of price controls such as price floors and price ceilings, a price floor set above the equilibrium price doesn't shift the demand or supply curves; instead, it creates an excess supply or a surplus. The correct answer is d. neither. Similarly, a price ceiling does not shift the demand or supply curves; it sets a maximum price below equilibrium and causes an excess demand or a shortage. The correct answer for the effect of a price ceiling is also d. neither.