Final answer:
The European population is in the Third-Fourth stage of demographic transition, featuring low birth and death rates leading to stabilized growth, with some countries moving to the Fifth stage, showing a declining population.
Step-by-step explanation:
The European population is largely characterized by the Third-Fourth stage of the demographic transition. This stage is marked by a balance between low birth rates and low death rates, leading to a stabilized population growth. Over time, some European countries have even progressed to the Fifth stage, where population growth rates become negative due to very low birth rates, resulting in a declining population.
During the demographic transition, society evolves from a rural pre-industrial society with high birth and death rates, to a urban post-industrial society with low birth and death rates, and possibly to a society with a declining population. European countries that have typically reached this advanced stage of demographic transition demonstrate high levels of urbanization, advanced health care, and widespread use of birth control, leading to very modest or negative population growth.