Final answer:
Pangaea was a d) supercontinent that included almost all of Earth's landmasses, existing around 300 to 200 million years ago. Its break up influenced the biogeographical distribution of species and the formation of present-day continents. This historical aspect of Earth's geological history has global biodiversity and continental arrangements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pangaea was a d) supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It formed about 300 million years ago and began to break apart around 200 million years ago. The concept of Pangaea is significant in the field of biogeography, as it explains the distribution of fossil taxa and modern species across different continents.
The breakup of Pangaea led to the separation of modern continents, with flora and fauna evolving independently, which resulted in unique regional biodiversity.
The study of Pangaea is also closely related to the movement of tectonic plates, which over geological time, have shifted to form our current world map. Biogeographical distribution patterns are best understood by considering evolution in concert with these plate movements.
For example, the dispersal of the plant family Proteaceae across Australia, southern Africa, and South America correlates with the pre-existing configuration of the southern supercontinent Gondwana, which was itself part of Pangaea before it split.
Pangaea is not a fictional country or related to any modern sociocultural phenomena like glocalization; instead, it is a historical configuration of the Earth's landmasses. Furthermore, it has no direct link to global warming, although the continental drift that began with Pangaea's breakup has played a role in Earth's changing climates over millions of years.