Final answer:
The process where nutrients pass through the gastrointestinal tract wall is called absorption, occurring mainly in the small intestine after digestion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the process in which nutrients pass through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract is absorption. After food is digested, the resulting nutrients are absorbed. This process primarily takes place in the small intestine, where digested products traverse from the intestinal lumen through mucosal cells and into the bloodstream or lacteals to then circulate throughout the body. In contrast, elimination refers to the removal of undigested food contents and waste from the body, and digestion is the breakdown of food into absorbable components.