Final answer:
The protein translocator involved in moving proteins across mitochondrial membranes is accompanied by chaperone proteins like HSP70 for proper protein folding. Carrier proteins, differing from channels, change shape to transport larger molecules like glucose, crucial in facilitated diffusion and active transport.
Step-by-step explanation:
The protein translocator that moves proteins across both membranes simultaneously at the contact site in the process of mitochondrial import is known as the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, and translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) complex. During this process, chaperone proteins such as HSP70 assist in translocation by unfolding the proteins to facilitate their passage through the membrane and then refolding them once inside the mitochondrion.
Carrier proteins are another class of proteins involved in transporting substances across cell membranes. Unlike channels, carrier proteins change their shape to move molecules across the membrane without forming an open pore, enabling the transport of larger substances such as glucose and amino acids.
These carrier proteins are integral to the processes of facilitated diffusion and active transport of molecules, utilizing uniporters, symporters, and antiporters to move molecules across the cell membrane. Such proteins are essential for maintaining cellular function and regulation of molecule transport within the body.