Final answer:
E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and A. thaliana are model organisms in biological research. E. coli discoveries include its beneficial and disease-causing roles, S. cerevisiae has advanced genetics and human biology research, and A. thaliana has provided insights into plant biology.
Step-by-step explanation:
Escherichia coli (E. coli), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), and Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) are all model organisms used in biological research.
By studying E. coli, scientists have made discoveries related to both its beneficial role in our digestive tracts and its ability to cause disease outbreaks.
S. cerevisiae has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of genetics and gene regulation, and has also served as a model for studying human biology.
A. thaliana has provided insights into plant biology, including growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli.