Question

Identify the functions of neuroglial cells.

a) Modify the extracellular environment
b) Bind neurons together
c) Influence nourishment of neurons
d) conduct impulses to neurons

Answer 1

Neuroglial cells support neuron function but do not conduct impulses. They modify the environment, provide structural support, nourish neurons, and form myelin sheaths, among other roles.

Step-by-step explanation:

Neuroglial cells, or simply glia, play several vital roles in the nervous system. They are not involved in conducting impulses like neurons, but they support and maintain the environment necessary for neurons to function properly. Neuroglial cells have functions such as:

• (a) Modifying the extracellular environment: This function is primarily associated with astrocytes that regulate the concentrations of ions and chemicals around the neurons.
• (b) Binding neurons together: Glial cells provide structural support to neurons, helping to hold neural networks together.
• (c) Influencing nourishment of neurons: Through direct contact with blood capillaries, astrocytes supply nutrients to neurons. Satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system also provide nutrients to neurons.
• (d) Besides these functions, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells form the myelin sheath around neuron axons in the central and peripheral nervous systems, respectively, but only neurons conduct impulses.

Glial cells also include microglia that act as scavengers, ependymal cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid, and others that provide crucial services to ensure proper neuronal function.