Final answer:
Helper T cells coordinate the immune response by activating other cells, regulatory T cells prevent overactive immune responses, and cytotoxic T cells target and destroy infected cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Helper T cells are central to the immune response, functioning as managers by releasing cytokines that activate various immune cells. They enhance the pathogen-killing abilities of macrophages and innate immune cells such as NK cells. Regulatory T cells, on the other hand, maintain immune system balance by preventing overactive responses that can lead to autoimmune diseases. They play a key role in peripheral tolerance. Lastly, cytotoxic T cells serve as primary effectors in cellular immunity, targeting and destroying cells infected by pathogens, thereby containing the infection.
Each class of T cells is identifiable by specific surface molecules and is activated in different manners. These distinct functions ensure that the body has a coordinated and effective immune response to pathogens while avoiding damage to self-tissues.