Final answer:
Animal and plant viruses require living host cells to replicate, and they can be cultured in embryonated eggs or in vitro using tissue-culture cells. Cytopathic effects indicate viral growth and can be observed by introducing viruses into cultured cells. Separation of virions from host cells for analysis is done via centrifugation or filtration.
Step-by-step explanation:
Animal viruses require living host cells from animals or derived tissue-culture cells for replication. Animal virus cultivation is significant for identifying pathogenic viruses, producing vaccines, and conducting basic research. They can be cultured in vivo using embryonated eggs, such as those from chickens, for vaccine production, like the influenza vaccine.
Similarly, plant viruses can have a profound effect on agriculture, causing significant economical impacts. Virus cultivation in plants can also disrupt crop growth, leading to reduced quality and quantity of food supplies.
Regardless of whether it's an animal or plant virus, the vital steps to grow viruses in cell culture involve introducing the virus into cells and observing cytopathic effects (CPEs) that indicate viral growth. These CPEs may include cell lysis or distinct cellular abnormalities. Once the virus has replicated, virions can be separated from cells using centrifugation or filtration methods for further analysis.
The process of viral infection and cytopathic effects can be visualized by covering cultured cells with a thin layer of agar and adding the virus, leading to the formation of plaques from dead cells. These techniques not only provide insights into viral propagation but also help in understanding the host immune response and disease mechanisms.