Final answer:
The preschool children knew the alphabet sequence through acoustic encoding, which uses song, rhyme, and rhythm in education to help young children memorize basic knowledge.
Step-by-step explanation:
The children in the preschool classroom knew to shout out "G" after the teacher sang "A, B, C, D, E, F..." because they have likely learned the alphabet song through acoustic encoding. This type of memory encoding involves associating sounds with information to facilitate recollection.
Songs, rhymes, and rhythms create patterns that are easy to remember, and so, much of early childhood education uses them for teaching fundamental knowledge such as the alphabet, numbers, or sequences of time. Preschool-age children are adept at understanding basic time concepts and predicting what happens next due to their burgeoning cognitive abilities and symbolic thinking.